Obstetrician-gynecologists are trained to provide comprehensive primary care for healthy women and to diagnose and manage common obstetrical and gynecologic problems. Within this general practice, some Ob/Gyn doctors have focused their practice on specific areas of interest, including family planning, human sexuality, infectious disease, menopause, pediatrics/adolescent gynecology, pelvic imaging, pelvic pain and others. Although formal subspecialty certification isn't available in these areas, doctors pursue additional training to enhance their knowledge and skills.

In addition to general and focused practice, four recognized Ob/Gyn subspecialties have evolved in response to the severity or complexity of the conditions they treat. These subspecialties are:

• Maternal-Fetal Medicine (care of high-risk pregnancies);
• Gynecologic Oncology (care of women with cancers of the reproductive system);
• Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (care of women with hormonal or infertility problems); and
• Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery (care of urinary tract dysfunction and disorders stemming from loss of support of pelvic structures).

Board certification is currently offered for the first three of these subspecialties and is in development for the fourth. If you and your Ob/Gyn physician are discussing possible conditions related to one of these areas, ask whether a subspecialist consultation or referral would help you receive the care you need.